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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# This file is part of Glances.
#
# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Nicolas Hennion <nicolas@nicolargo.com>
#
# SPDX-License-Identifier: LGPL-3.0-only
#
import os
from glances.compat import iterkeys
from glances.globals import BSD, LINUX, MACOS, WINDOWS
from glances.timer import Timer, getTimeSinceLastUpdate
from glances.filter import GlancesFilter
from glances.logger import logger
import psutil
# This constant defines the list of available processes sort key
sort_processes_key_list = ['cpu_percent', 'memory_percent', 'username', 'cpu_times', 'io_counters', 'name']
# Sort dictionary for human
sort_for_human = {
'io_counters': 'disk IO',
'cpu_percent': 'CPU consumption',
'memory_percent': 'memory consumption',
'cpu_times': 'process time',
'username': 'user name',
'name': 'processs name',
None: 'None',
}
class GlancesProcesses(object):
"""Get processed stats using the psutil library."""
def __init__(self, cache_timeout=60):
"""Init the class to collect stats about processes."""
# Add internals caches because psutil do not cache all the stats
# See: https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/462
self.username_cache = {}
self.cmdline_cache = {}
# The internals caches will be cleaned each 'cache_timeout' seconds
self.cache_timeout = cache_timeout
# First iteration, no cache
self.cache_timer = Timer(0)
# Init the io_old dict used to compute the IO bitrate
# key = pid
# value = [ read_bytes_old, write_bytes_old ]
self.io_old = {}
# Init stats
self.auto_sort = None
self._sort_key = None
# Default processes sort key is 'auto'
# Can be overwrite from the configuration file (issue#1536) => See glances_processlist.py init
self.set_sort_key('auto', auto=True)
self.processlist = []
self.reset_processcount()
# Cache is a dict with key=pid and value = dict of cached value
self.processlist_cache = {}
# Tag to enable/disable the processes stats (to reduce the Glances CPU consumption)
# Default is to enable the processes stats
self.disable_tag = False
# Extended stats for top process is enable by default
self.disable_extended_tag = False
# Test if the system can grab io_counters
try:
p = psutil.Process()
p.io_counters()
except Exception as e:
logger.warning('PsUtil can not grab processes io_counters ({})'.format(e))
self.disable_io_counters = True
else:
logger.debug('PsUtil can grab processes io_counters')
self.disable_io_counters = False
# Test if the system can grab gids
try:
p = psutil.Process()
p.gids()
except Exception as e:
logger.warning('PsUtil can not grab processes gids ({})'.format(e))
self.disable_gids = True
else:
logger.debug('PsUtil can grab processes gids')
self.disable_gids = False
# Maximum number of processes showed in the UI (None if no limit)
self._max_processes = None
# Process filter is a regular expression
self._filter = GlancesFilter()
# Whether or not to hide kernel threads
self.no_kernel_threads = False
# Store maximums values in a dict
# Used in the UI to highlight the maximum value
self._max_values_list = ('cpu_percent', 'memory_percent')
# { 'cpu_percent': 0.0, 'memory_percent': 0.0 }
self._max_values = {}
self.reset_max_values()
def reset_processcount(self):
"""Reset the global process count"""
self.processcount = {'total': 0, 'running': 0, 'sleeping': 0, 'thread': 0, 'pid_max': None}
def update_processcount(self, plist):
"""Update the global process count from the current processes list"""
# Update the maximum process ID (pid) number
self.processcount['pid_max'] = self.pid_max
# For each key in the processcount dict
# count the number of processes with the same status
for k in iterkeys(self.processcount):
self.processcount[k] = len(list(filter(lambda v: v['status'] is k, plist)))
# Compute thread
self.processcount['thread'] = sum(i['num_threads'] for i in plist if i['num_threads'] is not None)
# Compute total
self.processcount['total'] = len(plist)
def enable(self):
"""Enable process stats."""
self.disable_tag = False
self.update()
def disable(self):
"""Disable process stats."""
self.disable_tag = True
def enable_extended(self):
"""Enable extended process stats."""
self.disable_extended_tag = False
self.update()
def disable_extended(self):
"""Disable extended process stats."""
self.disable_extended_tag = True
@property
def pid_max(self):
"""
Get the maximum PID value.
On Linux, the value is read from the `/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max` file.
From `man 5 proc`:
The default value for this file, 32768, results in the same range of
PIDs as on earlier kernels. On 32-bit platforms, 32768 is the maximum
value for pid_max. On 64-bit systems, pid_max can be set to any value
up to 2^22 (PID_MAX_LIMIT, approximately 4 million).
If the file is unreadable or not available for whatever reason,
returns None.
Some other OSes:
- On FreeBSD and macOS the maximum is 99999.
- On OpenBSD >= 6.0 the maximum is 99999 (was 32766).
- On NetBSD the maximum is 30000.
:returns: int or None
"""
if LINUX:
# XXX: waiting for https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/720
try:
with open('/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max', 'rb') as f:
return int(f.read())
except (OSError, IOError):
return None
else:
return None
@property
def processes_count(self):
"""Get the current number of processes showed in the UI."""
return min(self._max_processes - 2, glances_processes.processcount['total'] - 1)
@property
def max_processes(self):
"""Get the maximum number of processes showed in the UI."""
return self._max_processes
@max_processes.setter
def max_processes(self, value):
"""Set the maximum number of processes showed in the UI."""
self._max_processes = value
@property
def process_filter_input(self):
"""Get the process filter (given by the user)."""
return self._filter.filter_input
@property
def process_filter(self):
"""Get the process filter (current apply filter)."""
return self._filter.filter
@process_filter.setter
def process_filter(self, value):
"""Set the process filter."""
self._filter.filter = value
@property
def process_filter_key(self):
"""Get the process filter key."""
return self._filter.filter_key
@property
def process_filter_re(self):
"""Get the process regular expression compiled."""
return self._filter.filter_re
def disable_kernel_threads(self):
"""Ignore kernel threads in process list."""
self.no_kernel_threads = True
@property
def sort_reverse(self):
"""Return True to sort processes in reverse 'key' order, False instead."""
if self.sort_key == 'name' or self.sort_key == 'username':
return False
return True
def max_values(self):
"""Return the max values dict."""
return self._max_values
def get_max_values(self, key):
"""Get the maximum values of the given stat (key)."""
return self._max_values[key]
def set_max_values(self, key, value):
"""Set the maximum value for a specific stat (key)."""
self._max_values[key] = value
def reset_max_values(self):
"""Reset the maximum values dict."""
self._max_values = {}
for k in self._max_values_list:
self._max_values[k] = 0.0
def update(self):
"""Update the processes stats."""
# Reset the stats
self.processlist = []
self.reset_processcount()
# Do not process if disable tag is set
if self.disable_tag:
return
# Time since last update (for disk_io rate computation)
time_since_update = getTimeSinceLastUpdate('process_disk')
# Grab standard stats
#####################
sorted_attrs = ['cpu_percent', 'cpu_times', 'memory_percent', 'name', 'status', 'num_threads']
displayed_attr = ['memory_info', 'nice', 'pid']
# 'name' can not be cached because it is used for filtering
cached_attrs = ['cmdline', 'username']
# Some stats are optional
if not self.disable_io_counters:
sorted_attrs.append('io_counters')
if not self.disable_gids:
displayed_attr.append('gids')
# Some stats are not sort key
# An optimisation can be done be only grabbed displayed_attr
# for displayed processes (but only in standalone mode...)
sorted_attrs.extend(displayed_attr)
# Some stats are cached (not necessary to be refreshed every time)
if self.cache_timer.finished():
sorted_attrs += cached_attrs
self.cache_timer.set(self.cache_timeout)
self.cache_timer.reset()
is_cached = False
else:
is_cached = True
# Build the processes stats list (it is why we need psutil>=5.3.0)
# This is one of the main bottleneck of Glances (see flame graph)
# Filter processes
self.processlist = list(
filter(
lambda p: not (BSD and p.info['name'] == 'idle')
and not (WINDOWS and p.info['name'] == 'System Idle Process')
and not (MACOS and p.info['name'] == 'kernel_task')
and not (self.no_kernel_threads and LINUX and p.info['gids'].real == 0),
psutil.process_iter(attrs=sorted_attrs, ad_value=None),
)
)
# Only get the info key
self.processlist = [p.info for p in self.processlist]
# Sort the processes list by the current sort_key
self.processlist = sort_stats(self.processlist, sorted_by=self.sort_key, reverse=True)
# Update the processcount
self.update_processcount(self.processlist)
# Loop over processes and add metadata
first = True
for proc in self.processlist:
# Get extended stats, only for top processes (see issue #403).
if first and not self.disable_extended_tag:
# - cpu_affinity (Linux, Windows, FreeBSD)
# - ionice (Linux and Windows > Vista)
# - num_ctx_switches (not available on Illumos/Solaris)
# - num_fds (Unix-like)
# - num_handles (Windows)
# - memory_maps (only swap, Linux)
# https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-which-process-is-using-swap/
# - connections (TCP and UDP)
extended = {}
try:
top_process = psutil.Process(proc['pid'])
extended_stats = ['cpu_affinity', 'ionice', 'num_ctx_switches']
if LINUX:
# num_fds only available on Unix system (see issue #1351)
extended_stats += ['num_fds']
if WINDOWS:
extended_stats += ['num_handles']
# Get the extended stats
extended = top_process.as_dict(attrs=extended_stats, ad_value=None)
if LINUX:
try:
extended['memory_swap'] = sum([v.swap for v in top_process.memory_maps()])
except (psutil.NoSuchProcess, KeyError):
# (KeyError catch for issue #1551)
pass
except (psutil.AccessDenied, NotImplementedError):
# NotImplementedError: /proc/${PID}/smaps file doesn't exist
# on kernel < 2.6.14 or CONFIG_MMU kernel configuration option
# is not enabled (see psutil #533/glances #413).
extended['memory_swap'] = None
try:
extended['tcp'] = len(top_process.connections(kind="tcp"))
extended['udp'] = len(top_process.connections(kind="udp"))
except (psutil.AccessDenied, psutil.NoSuchProcess):
# Manage issue1283 (psutil.AccessDenied)
extended['tcp'] = None
extended['udp'] = None
except (psutil.NoSuchProcess, ValueError, AttributeError) as e:
logger.error('Can not grab extended stats ({})'.format(e))
extended['extended_stats'] = False
else:
logger.debug('Grab extended stats for process {}'.format(proc['pid']))
extended['extended_stats'] = True
proc.update(extended)
first = False
# /End of extended stats
# PID is the key
proc['key'] = 'pid'
# Time since last update (for disk_io rate computation)
proc['time_since_update'] = time_since_update
# Process status (only keep the first char)
proc['status'] = str(proc['status'])[:1].upper()
# Process IO
# procstat['io_counters'] is a list:
# [read_bytes, write_bytes, read_bytes_old, write_bytes_old, io_tag]
# If io_tag = 0 > Access denied or first time (display "?")
# If io_tag = 1 > No access denied (display the IO rate)
if 'io_counters' in proc and proc['io_counters'] is not None:
io_new = [proc['io_counters'].read_bytes, proc['io_counters'].write_bytes]
# For IO rate computation
# Append saved IO r/w bytes
try:
proc['io_counters'] = io_new + self.io_old[proc['pid']]
io_tag = 1
except KeyError:
proc['io_counters'] = io_new + [0, 0]
io_tag = 0
# then save the IO r/w bytes
self.io_old[proc['pid']] = io_new
else:
proc['io_counters'] = [0, 0] + [0, 0]
io_tag = 0
# Append the IO tag (for display)
proc['io_counters'] += [io_tag]
# Manage cached information
if is_cached:
# Grab cached values (in case of a new incoming process)
if proc['pid'] not in self.processlist_cache:
try:
self.processlist_cache[proc['pid']] = psutil.Process(pid=proc['pid']).as_dict(
attrs=cached_attrs, ad_value=None
)
except psutil.NoSuchProcess:
pass
# Add cached value to current stat
try:
proc.update(self.processlist_cache[proc['pid']])
except KeyError:
pass
else:
# Save values to cache
self.processlist_cache[proc['pid']] = {cached: proc[cached] for cached in cached_attrs}
# Apply user filter
self.processlist = list(filter(lambda p: not self._filter.is_filtered(p), self.processlist))
# Compute the maximum value for keys in self._max_values_list: CPU, MEM
# Useful to highlight the processes with maximum values
for k in self._max_values_list:
values_list = [i[k] for i in self.processlist if i[k] is not None]
if values_list:
self.set_max_values(k, max(values_list))
def get_count(self):
"""Get the number of processes."""
return self.processcount
def getlist(self, sorted_by=None):
"""Get the processlist."""
return self.processlist
@property
def sort_key(self):
"""Get the current sort key."""
return self._sort_key
def set_sort_key(self, key, auto=True):
"""Set the current sort key."""
if key == 'auto':
self.auto_sort = True
self._sort_key = 'cpu_percent'
else:
self.auto_sort = auto
self._sort_key = key
def nice_decrease(self, pid):
"""Decrease nice level
On UNIX this is a number which usually goes from -20 to 20.
The higher the nice value, the lower the priority of the process."""
p = psutil.Process(pid)
try:
p.nice(p.nice() - 1)
logger.info('Set nice level of process {} to {} (higher the priority)'.format(pid, p.nice()))
except psutil.AccessDenied:
logger.warning(
'Can not decrease (higher the priority) the nice level of process {} (access denied)'.format(pid)
)
def nice_increase(self, pid):
"""Increase nice level
On UNIX this is a number which usually goes from -20 to 20.
The higher the nice value, the lower the priority of the process."""
p = psutil.Process(pid)
try:
p.nice(p.nice() + 1)
logger.info('Set nice level of process {} to {} (lower the priority)'.format(pid, p.nice()))
except psutil.AccessDenied:
logger.warning(
'Can not increase (lower the priority) the nice level of process {} (access denied)'.format(pid)
)
def kill(self, pid, timeout=3):
"""Kill process with pid"""
assert pid != os.getpid(), "Glances can kill itself..."
p = psutil.Process(pid)
logger.debug('Send kill signal to process: {}'.format(p))
p.kill()
return p.wait(timeout)
def weighted(value):
"""Manage None value in dict value."""
return -float('inf') if value is None else value
def _sort_io_counters(process, sorted_by='io_counters', sorted_by_secondary='memory_percent'):
"""Specific case for io_counters
:return: Sum of io_r + io_w
"""
return process[sorted_by][0] - process[sorted_by][2] + process[sorted_by][1] - process[sorted_by][3]
def _sort_cpu_times(process, sorted_by='cpu_times', sorted_by_secondary='memory_percent'):
"""Specific case for cpu_times
Patch for "Sorting by process time works not as expected #1321"
By default PsUtil only takes user time into account
see (https://github.com/giampaolo/psutil/issues/1339)
The following implementation takes user and system time into account
"""
return process[sorted_by][0] + process[sorted_by][1]
def _sort_lambda(sorted_by='cpu_percent', sorted_by_secondary='memory_percent'):
"""Return a sort lambda function for the sorted_by key"""
ret = None
if sorted_by == 'io_counters':
ret = _sort_io_counters
elif sorted_by == 'cpu_times':
ret = _sort_cpu_times
return ret
def sort_stats(stats, sorted_by='cpu_percent', sorted_by_secondary='memory_percent', reverse=True):
"""Return the stats (dict) sorted by (sorted_by).
Reverse the sort if reverse is True.
"""
if sorted_by is None and sorted_by_secondary is None:
# No need to sort...
return stats
# Check if a specific sort should be done
sort_lambda = _sort_lambda(sorted_by=sorted_by, sorted_by_secondary=sorted_by_secondary)
if sort_lambda is not None:
# Specific sort
try:
stats.sort(key=sort_lambda, reverse=reverse)
except Exception:
# If an error is detected, fallback to cpu_percent
stats.sort(
key=lambda process: (weighted(process['cpu_percent']), weighted(process[sorted_by_secondary])),
reverse=reverse,
)
else:
# Standard sort
try:
stats.sort(
key=lambda process: (weighted(process[sorted_by]), weighted(process[sorted_by_secondary])),
reverse=reverse,
)
except (KeyError, TypeError):
# Fallback to name
stats.sort(key=lambda process: process['name'] if process['name'] is not None else '~', reverse=False)
return stats
glances_processes = GlancesProcesses()